You may have seen digital certificate files with a variety of filename extensions, such as .crt, .cer, .pem, or .der. These extensions generally map to two major encoding schemes for X.509 certificates and keys: PEM (Base64 ASCII), and DER (binary). However, there is some overlap and other extensions are used, so you can’t always tell what kind of file you…

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer security (TLS ) are protocols that provide secure communications over a computer network or link. They are commonly used in web browsing and email. In this tutorial we will look: What is TLS TLS is based on SSL and was developed as a replacement in response to known vulnerabilities in SSLv3. SSL is the…